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Drugs ( part 2)

Antipyretic Analgesics:

  • Salicylates     ( e.g. Aspirin, Methyl salicylates )
  • Acetanalide ( e.g. Paracetamol , known in the US as acetaminophen or simply APAP )
  • Anthranilic acid derivatives ( e.g. Ponstan ) 
  • Opioid drugs such as morphine and oxycodone 

Salicylates:

Salicylic acid it self used as potent analgesic but has gastric irritation so the derivative of salicylic acid are produced to reduce the gastric toxicity .
Derivative of salicylic acid are the salts of carboxyl group as well as acetyl derivative of salicylic acid.

Aspirin ( Acetyl salicylic acid , Dispirin )
Methyl salicylates ( Wintogeno balm )

Aspirin: ( Acetyl Salicylic acid )

Brand name : Dispirin
Active Ingredient : Aspirin
IUPAC name : Methyl 2- hydroxybenzoate
Molecular formula : C8H8O3
Structural formula of Dispirin : Aspirin + Na -citrate + NaHCO3
Synthesis:retic analgesics

                        

To control the toxicity of Aspirin:

To overcome the toxicity , prepare the salt by the substituting the H+ OF - COOH group with Na+, Mg 2+ , Al 3+, Ca 2+ etc
By giving the anti-acid like Calcium Glutamate 
e.g. Bufferin = Aspirin + Calcium glutamate
       Dispirin = Aspirin + Na-citrate + NaHCO3
It has vasodilator and also have mild hypotensive activity . It is used in cardiovascular disease .
Pre-coated Aspirin ( Ascard ) used to avoid the gastric irritation.

Methyl Salicylate :

Brand name: Wintogeno balm 
Active ingredient : Methyl Salicylate
IUPAC name : Methyl 2-hydooxy benzoate 
Molecular formula : C8H8O3
Structural formula :
Other names 
  1. Salicyllic acid methyl ester
  2. Oil of wintergreen 
  3. Betula oil

Botanical Background: 

Methyl salicylate is naturally produce from many species of plants . Plants which produce methyl salicylate is called wintergreen. Some species of the genus Gaultheria in the family , Ericaceae . Some species of the genus Betula in the family Betulaceae.

Synthesis :

Uses of Methyl Salicylate: 

  1. Chewing gum and candies 
  2. As a solvent for insecticides 
  3. Used to provide fragrance to various products like detergents and perfumes
  4. Used in toothpaste , ink , polish and soft drinks
  5. Used as an anti-freezing agent

Side effects: 

Kidney damage and smooth infections.
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