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Preparation of shampoo


Theory

 In essence, shampoos are simply detergents.They are a different type of cleaning media than ordinary laundry or hand detergents because of their application to different types of hair. Shampoos are used to remove excess oil, dirt and skin debris from the hair known as sebum. A good shampoo will perform this function while leaving the hair manageable. These products should possess rich foaming action and rinse out easily. Various forms of shampoos are available, from clear liquids to opaque pastes.The primary ingredient of a shampoo is the detergent, either from an organic soap or a synthetic. Vegetable oil soaps, alkyl benzene sulfonates, sodium or triethanolamine alkyl sulfates, sulfated monoglycerides, sulfated oils and nonionics are typical. The concentration used varies with the individual detergent and the shampoo type and will vary from about 10% to 50%. Shampoos usually include modifying agents such as opacifiers, clarifying agents, antifreezes, conditioning and finishing agents, sequestrants, thickening agents, proteins, foam builders, and antidandruff agents.The use level of these modifiers is usually about 1% to 10%.
Depending on their functions, shampoos are used as cleaning agents for cosmetic purposes, antidandruff agents, antiseborrhoeic agents and keratolytic agents. As cleaning agents: these shampoos should be mild, effective, without causing irritation and should be used daily or on alternate days as needed. They remove dust and excess oil from the hair.As antidandruff agents: these treat dandruff due to fungi like pityriasis versicolor. Rapidly relieves scaling and pruritis which are associated with fungal infections.As antiseborrhoeic agents: they have cytostatic effect on cells of the epidermis and follicular epithelium, thus reducing corneocyte production.As keratolytic agents: they remove ointment, pastes, which are used in the treatment of psoriasis. They also remove hard scales from the scalp.

INGREDIENTS


  • 6g olive oil
  • 4g of solid-type vegetable shortening
  • 4g coconut oil
  • 6g lye (sodium hydroxide)
  • 2 pints wate
  • 1ml glycerine (glycerol)
  • 1ml ethanol
  • 1ml castor oil
  • essential oils (optional), such as peppermint, rosemary, lavender, for fragrance and therapeutic properties

Procedure

1) In a large pan, mix together the olive oil, shortening, and coconut oil.
2) Mix the lye and water.This is an exothermic reaction, so heat will be produced. 
3) Warm the oils to 95°F-98°F and allow the lye solution to cool to the same temperature. One of the easiest ways to accomplish this is to set both containers into a large sink or pan full of water that is at the correct temperature. 
4) When both mixtures are at the proper temperature, stir the lye solution into the oils. The mixture will turn opaque and may darken. 
5) When the mixture has a creamy texture, stir in the glycerine, alcohol, castor oil, and any fragrance oils or colorants. 
6) You can pour the shampoo into soap molds and allow it to harden. To use this shampoo, either lather it with your hands and work it into your hair or else shave flakes into hot water to liquefy it.
- The other option is to make liquid shampoo, which involves adding more water to your shampoo mixture and bottling it.
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