Skip to main content

Agrochemical

An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in agriculture. In most cases, agrichemical refers to pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and nematicides. It may also include synthetic fertilizers, hormones and other chemical growth agents, and concentrated stores of raw animal manure.
Many agrichemicals are toxic, and agrichemicals in bulk storage may pose significant environmental and/or health risks, particularly in the event of accidental spills. In many countries, use of agrichemicals is highly regulated. Government-issued permits for purchase and use of approved agrichemicals may be required. Significant penalties can result from misuse, including improper storage resulting in spillage. On farms, proper storage facilities and labeling, emergency clean-up equipment and procedures, and safety equipment and procedures for handling, application and disposal are often subject to mandatory standards and regulations. Usually, the regulations are carried out through the registration process.
For instance, bovine somatotropin, though widely used in the United States, is not approved in Canada and some other jurisdictions as there are concerns for the health of cowsusing it.
Agrochemicals were introduced to protect crops from pests and enhance crop yields. The most common agrochemicals include pesticides and fertilizers. Due to the adaptation of pests to these chemicals, more and new agrochemicals were being used, causing side effects in the environment. However, agrochemicals are not completely inefficient. According to the article, Agriculture, Pesticides, Food Security and Food Safety, written by Fernando P. Carvalho, chemical fertilizers in the 1960s were responsible for the beginning of the "Green Revolution", where using the same surface of land using intensive irrigation and mineral fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium has greatly increased food production. Throughout the 1970s through 1980s, pesticide research continued into producing more selective agrochemicals.
Sumerians from 4500 years ago have said to use insecticides in the form of sulfur compounds. Additionally, the Chinese from about 3200 years ago used mercery and arsenic compounds to control body lice
Syngenta was the worldwide leader in agrochemical sales in 2013 at ~$10.9 billion, followed by Bayer CropScience, BASF, Dow Agrosciences, Monsanto, and then DuPont with ~$3.6 billion.
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. Used as the basis for Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins (plastics). They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives. They were at one time the primary material used for the production of circuit boards but have been largely replaced with epoxy resins and fiberglass cloth, as with fire-resistant FR-4 circuit board materials. There are two main production methods. One reacts phenol and formaldehyde directly to produce a thermosetting network polymer, while the other restricts the formaldehyde to produce a prepolymer known as novolac which can be moulded and then cured with the addition of more formaldehyde and heat. There are many variations in both production and input materials that are used to produce a wide variety
Post a Comment
Read more

Urea-Formaldehyde Resin

Urea-formaldehyde , also known as   urea-methanal, so named for its common synthesis pathway and overall structure,is a   non-transparent   thermosetting   resin   or   polymer. It is produced from   urea   and   formaldehyde. These resins are used in   adhesives, finishes,   particle board,   MDF, and molded objects. It was first synthesized in 1884 by Hölzer, who was working with Bernhard Tollens. In 1919, Hanns John (1891–1942) of Prague, Czechoslovakia obtained the first patent for urea-formaldehyde resin. UF and related amino resins are a class of   thermosetting resins   of which urea-formaldehyde resins make up 80% produced globally. Examples of amino resins use include in automobile tires to improve the bonding of rubber to tire cord, in paper for improving tear strength, in molding electrical devices, jar caps, etc Urea-formaldehyde resin's attributes include high tensile strength, flexural modulus, and a high heat distortion temperature, low water absorption,
Post a Comment
Read more

Antibiotics

The term antibiotics is a broad one , defined by Waksman as, "a substance produced by microorganisms , which has the capacity of inhibiting the growth and even of destroying other microorganisms by the action of very small amounts of the antibiotics " . Approximately 3000 substances come under the classification , but only 70 have the necessary combination of patient safety , antimicrobial action and stability. Penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalosporins are among the most widely used. Penicillin : A number of penicillin, differing only in the composition of the R ( alkyl ) group, have been isolated from natural media and hundreds have been semi-synthesized . Penicillin G USP, with benzyl for R group, generally the most desirable , is the type commercially available , usually combined in salt form with procaine or potassium.  It is possible to assist the synthesis of a desired penicillin by supplying the appropriate precursor to the culture i.e., the acid of
Post a Comment
Read more